jasper: A form of chert usually yellow, red, brown, or gold in color.

jugular foramen: The opening formed by the temporal notches on the petrous temporal and occipital bones.

juxtamastoid process: A name given to the process or processes just medial to the mastoid process, individually referred to as the paramastoid process and occipitomastoid crest.

Keesing, R.M. 1975. Kin Groups and Social Structure. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.

Renfrew, C., and P. Bahn. 1996. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. New York: Thames and Hudson Inc.

Russell, P.J. 1998. Genetics. Menlo Park: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Wolpoff, M. 1999. Paleoanthropology. second edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill.